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Is there stimulant sensitivity in children?

R Klein1, S Mannuzza

  • 1New York University Child Study Center, NY 10016, USA.

Journal of Attention Disorders
|April 11, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Childhood stimulant exposure does not appear to increase later drug abuse risk. Review of studies in children treated with methylphenidate found no evidence supporting the sensitization hypothesis for increased drug use.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Stimulant exposure may alter the dopamine system, potentially increasing sensitivity to drugs.
  • Animal studies demonstrate long-lasting sensitization and cross-sensitization to stimulants.
  • Concerns exist that childhood methylphenidate exposure could lead to later stimulant abuse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on stimulant-induced sensitization in children treated with methylphenidate.
  • To examine whether childhood stimulant treatment increases the risk of later drug abuse.

Main Methods:

  • Review of four clinic-based studies on children treated with stimulants.
  • Analysis of a school-based longitudinal study examining early stimulant treatment and later drug use.
  • Evaluation of a prospective-controlled study comparing methylphenidate and placebo in children.

Main Results:

  • Four clinic-based studies found no excess drug abuse in children with prior stimulant treatment.
  • A school-based study suggested a link between early stimulant treatment and later drug use, but without controlling for clinical confounds.
  • The single prospective-controlled study did not support the sensitization hypothesis.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence does not support the hypothesis that childhood methylphenidate treatment enhances the risk for later stimulant abuse.
  • Further research, particularly prospective-controlled studies, is needed to fully understand long-term effects.

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