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Emotional processing in personality disorder.

Sabine C Herpertz1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, Germany. sherpertz@ukaachen.de

Current Psychiatry Reports
|April 11, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Borderline personality disorder involves emotional hyperresponsiveness, while antisocial personality disorder is characterized by emotional detachment and fearlessness. Both conditions stem from distinct emotional processing and neurofunctional differences.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Neuroscience

Background:

  • Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are linked to emotional dysregulation.
  • BPD may involve heightened emotional responsiveness and limbic system hypersensitivity.
  • ASPD is associated with emotional detachment, fearlessness, and amygdala dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the contrasting emotional processing mechanisms in BPD and ASPD.
  • To investigate the neurofunctional underpinnings of emotional vulnerability in BPD.
  • To examine the cognitive strategies employed by individuals with ASPD to compensate for altered limbic input.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies on emotional reactivity in BPD.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging data in BPD.
  • Examination of data on emotional detachment and amygdala function in ASPD.

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Main Results:

  • Evidence supports emotional hyperresponsiveness in BPD, with intense, slow-subsiding emotions and biased emotional information processing.
  • Neuroimaging suggests limbic hypersensitivity as a correlate of emotional vulnerability in BPD.
  • Data confirm emotional detachment and fearlessness in ASPD, with indifference to appetitive stimuli.
  • Individuals with ASPD may use alternative cognitive strategies to process affective material due to amygdala dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • BPD and ASPD exhibit fundamentally different emotional processing patterns and neurofunctional correlates.
  • Emotional hyperresponsiveness and limbic hypersensitivity characterize BPD.
  • Emotional detachment and amygdala dysfunction characterize ASPD, necessitating compensatory cognitive strategies.