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Related Experiment Videos

Endotoxin content in renal calculi.

Irene M McAleer1, George W Kaplan, John S Bradley

  • 1Department of Urology, Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.

The Journal of Urology
|April 11, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Infection stones harbor high endotoxin levels, posing a sepsis risk. Manipulation can release endotoxins, suggesting anti-endotoxin therapies for prevention and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Microbiology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Infection calculi, such as struvite and calcium apatite, are linked to sepsis via endotoxemia or bacteremia.
  • Understanding endotoxin presence in renal stones is crucial for managing sepsis risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if renal infection stones contain endotoxin concentrations sufficient to induce the sepsis syndrome.
  • To quantify and compare endotoxin levels in infection versus non-infection renal calculi.

Main Methods:

  • Collected and analyzed fragments of infection and non-infection renal calculi for endotoxin concentration.
  • Converted endotoxin units to nanograms per gram (ng./gm.) of calculus.
  • Correlated endotoxin levels with available urine culture results.

Main Results:

  • Evaluated 34 renal calculi (16 infection, 18 non-infection).
  • Infection calculi (62.5% struvite) showed significantly higher mean endotoxin concentration (12,223 ng./gm.) compared to non-infection calculi (340.3 ng./gm.).
  • Urine cultures did not correlate with endotoxin concentrations in infection stones.

Conclusions:

  • Renal infection stones can contain substantial endotoxin concentrations.
  • Manipulation of these stones may lead to massive endotoxin release, potentially causing gram-negative sepsis-like serum concentrations.
  • Anti-endotoxin strategies could be beneficial in preventing and treating endotoxemia and sepsis associated with infection stones.

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