[Allergic rhinitis to be diagnosed and treated correctly. Tips for a runny nose]

Area of Science:

• Allergy and Immunology
• Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
• Clinical Medicine

Background:

• Allergic rhinitis presents as seasonal (pollen) or perennial (dust mites, molds, animal hair) forms.
• Accurate diagnosis relies on detailed patient history, symptom evaluation, rhinoscopy, and specific allergen testing.
• Effective management strategies are crucial for improving patient quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the diagnostic approaches for differentiating types of allergic rhinitis.
• To detail the recommended treatment strategies, including allergen avoidance and immunotherapy.
• To review available pharmacological and surgical interventions for allergic rhinitis.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive patient history including family, occupational, and environmental factors.
• Clinical symptom assessment and rhinoscopic examination.
• Allergen testing such as conjunctival, prick, and nasal provocative tests.

Main Results:

• Diagnosis is established through a combination of history, clinical presentation, and objective testing.
• Allergen elimination is the primary treatment, supplemented by specific immune therapy (SIT) when appropriate.
• Pharmacological treatments include mast cell stabilizers, antihistamines, and corticosteroids, with surgical options for obstructive symptoms.

Conclusions:

• Allergic rhinitis diagnosis requires a multi-faceted approach.
• Treatment is individualized, prioritizing allergen avoidance and considering SIT, medications, or surgery.
• Management aims to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life for patients with allergic rhinitis.