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Abnormal T-cell function in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

S Scrivener1, R V Goddard, E R Kaminski

  • 1Plymouth Post-graduate Medical School, Derriford Combined Laboratories, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK.

Leukemia & Lymphoma
|April 12, 2003
PubMed
Summary

T cell dysfunction in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) impairs immune responses against the cancer. Optimizing T cell function is crucial for developing effective B-CLL immunotherapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • T cell dysfunction is increasingly implicated in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL).
  • Abnormalities in T cell populations, including CD8+ lymphocytosis and altered surface molecule expression, are observed in B-CLL patients.
  • These T cell defects may contribute to disease progression and impaired immune surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multifaceted T cell dysfunction in B-CLL.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying impaired T cell responses in the context of the B-CLL microenvironment.
  • To identify potential targets for immunotherapy by understanding T cell abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T cell surface marker expression (e.g., CD4, CD8, CD25, CD152, LFA-1, ICAM-1, CD28, CCR4).

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  • Assessment of T cell responses to mitogens (PHA, PWM) and cytokine production (IL2, IL4).
  • Investigation of T cell-B cell interactions, including antigen presentation and migration in response to chemokines (CCL22).

    • Main Results:

    • B-CLL patients exhibit reduced T cell responses to mitogens and impaired antigen presentation capabilities.
    • T cells display aberrant expression of adhesion molecules, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire skewing, and reduced co-stimulatory/inhibitory molecules (CD28, CD152).
    • A unique CD8/CD30+ T cell subset producing IL4 may exist, and specific T cells (CD4+/CD152+/CCR4+) migrate towards malignant B cells.

    Conclusions:

    • T cell dysfunction in B-CLL hinders effective immune responses against malignant B cells.
    • Abnormalities in T cell signaling, migration, and cytokine production suggest a role in disease persistence.
    • Targeting and optimizing T cell function, particularly cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, is essential for successful B-CLL immunotherapy.