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Hexatic undulations in curved geometries.
1Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Summary
Two-dimensional hexatic order significantly alters capillary wave and undulation modes in curved geometries, affecting liquid surface fluctuations. This finding has implications for various systems, including vesicles, droplets, and bubbles.
Area of Science:
- Soft Matter Physics
- Fluid Dynamics
- Surface Science
Background:
- In planar systems, extended bond-orientational order minimally impacts surface fluctuations.
- Curved geometries exhibit distinct behaviors regarding surface wave propagation and stability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of two-dimensional hexatic order on capillary waves and undulation modes.
- To analyze the frequency shift of ripples in spherical and cylindrical geometries.
- To explore the impact on instabilities in charged droplets, bubbles, and liquid jets.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical calculations of frequency shifts in curved geometries.
- Analysis of long-wavelength spectrum alterations due to hexatic order.
- Investigation of instability thresholds.
Main Results:
- Hexatic order significantly alters the long-wavelength spectrum of capillary waves and undulation modes in curved geometries.
- A quantifiable frequency shift is observed in these systems.
- The threshold for fission and Plateau-Rayleigh instabilities is modified by hexatic order.
Conclusions:
- Two-dimensional hexatic order plays a crucial role in the dynamics of curved liquid interfaces.
- Findings are applicable to diverse systems like vesicles, droplets, bubbles, and jets.
- Hexatic order influences the stability of charged and flowing liquid systems.