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Pattern of intrathoracic goiter in Ibadan, Nigeria
V O Adegboye1, O A Ogunseinde, M O Obajimi
1Cardiothoracic and General Surgical Units of the Department of Surgery, Nigeria.
Insights
Intrathoracic goiters are uncommon, representing 1.3% of goiter cases and 16.3% of mediastinal masses. Most cases occur in the anterosuperior mediastinum and are associated with cervical goiters.
Area of Science:
- Thoracic surgery
- Endocrinology
- Medical imaging
Background:
- Intrathoracic goiters are an uncommon condition.
- Understanding their prevalence and characteristics is crucial for surgical planning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pattern of intrathoracic goiter in a large black population.
- To analyze the demographic, clinical, and pathological features of intrathoracic goiters.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of cardiothoracic unit records.
- Analysis of 16 patients with intrathoracic goiters treated over a specific period.
- Review of surgical approaches and histopathological findings.
Main Results:
- Intrathoracic goiters constituted 1.3% of treated goiters and 16.3% of primary mediastinal masses.
- 75% of cases were associated with cervical goiters.
- Most goiters were located in the anterosuperior mediastinum (12 cases).
- Common types included colloid and multinodular goiters (81.3%), with a few malignant cases.
- Surgical management varied, including median sternotomy and thoractomy.
Conclusions:
- Intrathoracic goiter is a rare but significant finding.
- Association with cervical goiters is common.
- Thyroid disease endemicity does not appear to influence intrathoracic goiter frequency.
Abstract:
This study is to review the pattern of intrathoracic goiter in a large black population. In a retrospective review, the cardiothoracic unit managed ninety-eight primary mediastinal masses of which sixteen patients with intrathoracic goiters were treated during the same period. This constitutes 1.3% of treated goiters and 16.3% of primary mediastinal masses. Seventy-five per cent of the intrathoracic goiters were in association with cervical goiters. Twelve of the intrathoratic goiters were located in the anterosuperior mediastinum, and two in the middle mediastinum. There were three goiters in the posterior mediastinum. Six patients had cervical exploration and median sternotomy, three had cervical exploration and thoractomy, 3 had only thoractomy, two had only median sternotomy for excision. Thirteen patients (81.3%) had either simple colloid or multinodular intrathoracic goiter, one had follicular adenoma, and 2 patients had malignant goiters. One patient had recurrent cervical goiter. The endemicity of thyroid disease does not seem to increase the frequency of intrathoracic goiter.