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Axonal injury in multiple sclerosis.

Kottil W Rammohan1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Room 449 Means Hall, 1654 Upham Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. rammohan.2@osu.edu

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|April 15, 2003
PubMed
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Axonal injury is an early event in multiple sclerosis (MS) and strongly correlates with disability. Early intervention is crucial as some axonal damage may be reversible.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Axonal injury is increasingly recognized as a key factor in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis.
  • Historically viewed as a late event, axonal damage now understood to occur early in MS lesions.
  • Neurological impairment in MS correlates more closely with axonal injury than with myelin damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical and dynamic role of axons in the evolution of MS pathology.
  • To emphasize the significance of axonal injury in the development of clinical disability in MS.
  • To discuss the implications of reversible and irreversible axonal injury for therapeutic strategies in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of histopathologic evidence.
  • Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Interpretation of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data.

    • Main Results:

    • Axonal injury is an early event in MS inflammatory lesions.
    • Neurological functional impairment is best predicted by axonal injury.
    • Evidence suggests axonal injury may be a primary event, not just a consequence of demyelination.

    Conclusions:

    • Axonal injury plays a pivotal role in MS pathophysiology and pathogenesis.
    • The reversibility of some axonal injury supports early therapeutic interventions.
    • Curtailing inflammation and initiating early treatment with disease-modifying agents are essential due to irreversible axonal transection in early lesions.