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Parainfluenza viruses.

Kelly J Henrickson1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA. kellyj@mcw.edu

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|April 15, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) cause respiratory infections in vulnerable populations. Recent research has advanced understanding of HPIV types, structure, and their relation to other viruses.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) were discovered in the late 1950s.
  • Significant advancements in understanding HPIV molecular structure and function have occurred recently.
  • HPIV nomenclature and taxonomy have undergone substantial revisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the genetic and antigenic classifications of HPIV types 1-4.
  • To describe subtypes and genotypes within HPIV types.
  • To highlight the clinical significance of HPIV in various host populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of accumulated knowledge on HPIV molecular structure and function.
  • Analysis of genetic and antigenic classifications.
  • Description of viral characteristics (enveloped, RNA genome, size).

Main Results:

  • HPIV are classified into types 1-4, with further subtypes and genotypes identified.
  • HPIV-1 to HPIV-3 are primary causes of lower respiratory infections in infants, children, and immunocompromised individuals.
  • HPIV share characteristics with Paramyxoviridae family members, including megamyxoviruses and metapneumovirus.

Conclusions:

  • HPIV classification and understanding have evolved significantly.
  • HPIV-1 to HPIV-3 pose considerable health risks, particularly to vulnerable groups.
  • HPIV are important pathogens within the Paramyxoviridae family, with implications for human and veterinary health.

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