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Related Experiment Videos

Immunoglobulin light chains in uremia.

Gerald Cohen1

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. cohen@nephro.imed3.akh-wien.ac.at

Kidney International. Supplement
|April 16, 2003
PubMed
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Elevated immunoglobulin light chains (IgLCs) in kidney failure patients impair neutrophil function and apoptosis, increasing infection risk. Current dialysis treatments do not normalize these harmful IgLC levels.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Immunoglobulin light chains (IgLCs) are produced by B cells and normally cleared by the kidneys.
  • Increased IgLC levels are observed in kidney failure and can cause renal disease.
  • B cell lymphoproliferative disorders can lead to IgLC overproduction and deposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different dialysis membranes on IgLC concentrations.
  • To assess the in vitro effects of free IgLCs on neutrophil functions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of low- and high-flux membranes for IgLC reduction.
  • In vitro assessment of IgLCs' effect on neutrophil chemotaxis, glucose uptake, and apoptosis.

Main Results:

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  • IgLC levels were higher in hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration patients than pre-dialysis.
  • Current dialysis treatments failed to normalize IgLC levels.
  • IgLCs interfered with neutrophil chemotaxis and glucose uptake, and attenuated neutrophil apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • Increased serum IgLCs in kidney failure modulate neutrophil functions and apoptosis.
  • These alterations in neutrophils contribute to increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in uremic patients.