Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

13.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
13.8K
Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

11.0K
In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
11.0K
Random Error01:04

Random Error

9.8K
Random or indeterminate errors originate from various uncontrollable variables, such as variations in environmental conditions, instrument imperfections, or the inherent variability of the phenomena being measured. Usually, these errors cannot be predicted, estimated, or characterized because their direction and magnitude often vary in magnitude and direction even during consecutive measurements. As a result, they are difficult to eliminate. However, the aggregate effect of these errors can be...
9.8K
Margin of Error01:27

Margin of Error

7.6K
The margin of error is also called the maximum error of an estimate. The margin of error is the maximum possible or expected difference between the observed sample parameter value and the actual population parameter value. For proportion, it is the maximum difference between the value of sample proportion obtained from the data and the true value of population proportion. As the true value of the population parameter is not known, the margin of error is calculated using the sample statistic.
7.6K
Sound Intensity00:58

Sound Intensity

4.8K
The loudness of a sound source is related to how energetically the source is vibrating, consequently making the molecules of the propagation medium vibrate. To measure the loudness of a source, the physical quantity of interest is the intensity. This is defined as the energy emitted per unit of time per unit of area perpendicular to the sound wave's propagation direction. Since the total energy is greater if the source vibrates for a longer duration and over a larger area, dividing the...
4.8K
Standard Error of the Mean01:13

Standard Error of the Mean

12.4K
The sampling variability of a statistic is defined as how much the statistic varies from one sample to another. The sampling variability of a statistic is typically measured by measuring its standard error.
The standard error of the mean is an example of a standard error. It is a unique standard deviation known as the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean. The standard error of the mean is a statistic that calculates how correctly a sample distribution represents a...
12.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of a quasi-automatic treatment planning workflow for head-and-neck cancer in radiotherapy.

Physics and imaging in radiation oncology·2026
Same author

Free flight angular acceptance (FFAA) variance reduction technique for SPECT Monte Carlo simulations.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same author

GATE 10 Monte Carlo particle transport simulation: I. Development and new features.

Physics in medicine and biology·2025
Same author

GATE 10 Monte Carlo particle transport simulation: II. Architecture and innovations.

Physics in medicine and biology·2025
Same author

Predicting PSA50 response to [Formula: see text]Lu-PSMA therapy using machine learning and automated total tumor volume.

EJNMMI physics·2025
Same author

Temporal footprint reduction via neural network denoising in 177Lu radioligand therapy.

Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)·2025
Same journal

Single Percussive Ventilation Breath-hold Imaging and Delivery in Lung Tumor Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy: Initial Observations From a Prospective Clinical Trial.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same journal

Proton beam therapy in nonmetastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: Outcome, prognostic factors and the effect of timing of radiation therapy.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same journal

Hypofractionated Proton Reirradiation for Recurrent Glioblastoma: Clinical and Dosimetric Outcomes from a Large Single Institution Series.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same journal

Gastrointestinal Motility-Induced Interplay in Pancreas Proton Therapy: Motion Simulation and Dosimetric Impact.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same journal

Intra-fractional Voxel-wise Anatomical Motion Tracking Guided by Multimodal Respiratory Surrogates in Radiotherapy: Framework Development and Multi-Center Validation.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same journal

A Gaussian-based planning approach for robust dose-escalated stereotactic body proton therapy.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration
05:05

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration

Published on: November 23, 2019

8.5K

Patient setup error measurement using 3D intensity-based image registration techniques.

Sébastien Clippe1, David Sarrut, Claude Malet

  • 1Department of Radiotherapy, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France. clippe@lyon.fnclcc.fr

International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics
|April 16, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new, automatic 3D method for precise patient positioning in conformal radiotherapy. The intensity-based approach accurately estimates patient setup using portal images and CT scans without segmentation.

More Related Videos

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping
10:25

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

Published on: September 25, 2019

49.4K
Improved Registration of 3D CT Angiography with X-ray Fluoroscopy for Image Fusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
06:59

Improved Registration of 3D CT Angiography with X-ray Fluoroscopy for Image Fusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Published on: June 3, 2018

11.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration
05:05

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration

Published on: November 23, 2019

8.5K
Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping
10:25

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

Published on: September 25, 2019

49.4K
Improved Registration of 3D CT Angiography with X-ray Fluoroscopy for Image Fusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
06:59

Improved Registration of 3D CT Angiography with X-ray Fluoroscopy for Image Fusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Published on: June 3, 2018

11.1K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiotherapy Technology
  • Image Analysis

Background:

  • Accurate patient positioning is crucial for conformal radiotherapy.
  • Current methods using portal images often suffer from segmentation inaccuracies due to low contrast.
  • Automatic, precise patient setup verification is needed for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a fully automatic, intensity-based, 3D method for estimating patient setup in radiotherapy.
  • To overcome limitations of segmentation-based approaches in low-contrast portal images.
  • To associate two portal images and a 3D CT scan for patient positioning.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an anthropomorphic phantom with pelvic CT scans in seven positions.
  • Employed a 3D optimization of similarity measures in rigid transformations.
  • Used 2D transformations and pre-generated digitally reconstructed radiographs to optimize computation.
  • Evaluated intensity-based similarity measures including correlation coefficient, chi-square, mutual information, and correlation ratio.

Main Results:

  • The correlation ratio yielded the best results among tested similarity measures.
  • Median root mean square error was 2.0 mm for the seven positions.
  • Other measures showed higher errors: correlation coefficient (3.6 mm), chi-square (4.4 mm), and mutual information (5.1 mm).

Conclusions:

  • Full 3D analysis of setup errors is feasible without segmentation.
  • The proposed method is fast, accurate, and suitable for pre-treatment verification.
  • Key advantages for clinical implementation include full automation, applicability to all tumor sites, and no need for additional devices.