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Related Experiment Videos

Multilocus phylogenetic structure within the Trichoderma harzianum/Hypocrea lixii complex.

Priscila Chaverri1, Lisa A Castlebury, Gary J Samuels

  • 1Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, Buckhout Laboratory, 16802, University Park, PA, USA. priscila@nt.ars-grin.gov

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
|April 16, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Trichoderma harzianum, a beneficial fungus for biological control, has been linked to its sexual state, Hypocrea lixii. Phylogenetic analysis confirms they form a cohesive group but suggests a species complex without distinct morphological differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Phylogenetics

Background:

  • Trichoderma harzianum is a widely distributed fungus known for its efficacy in biological control of plant pathogens.
  • The sexual state of T. harzianum has not been definitively identified, and its phylogenetic relationships require detailed investigation.
  • Variability within T. harzianum suggests it may represent a species complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the sexual state of Trichoderma harzianum.
  • To conduct a detailed phylogenetic analysis of T. harzianum.
  • To investigate the taxonomic status and evolutionary relationships within the T. harzianum species complex.

Main Methods:

  • Morphological and cultural characterization of fungal isolates.

Related Experiment Videos

  • DNA sequence analysis of four genes: ITS rDNA, translation elongation factor 1-alpha, calmodulin, and alpha-actin.
  • Phylogenetic analyses using principles of genealogical concordance.

    • Main Results:

    • Hypocrea lixii was identified as the sexual state of T. harzianum.
    • Both asexual and sexual states exhibit broad geographic distributions.
    • Phylogenetic analysis of the four genes supported T. harzianum/H. lixii as a cohesive group with high bootstrap values (>95%).
    • Genealogical concordance indicated multiple independent monophyletic lineages within the T. harzianum/H. lixii complex.
    • No distinct morphological characteristics were found to differentiate these lineages taxonomically.

    Conclusions:

    • The sexual state of Trichoderma harzianum is Hypocrea lixii.
    • Trichoderma harzianum/Hypocrea lixii represents a cohesive phylogenetic group with a wide distribution.
    • While genetic data suggests a species complex with distinct lineages, morphological variation does not currently support formal taxonomic separation.