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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

In vivo Quantification of G Protein Coupled Receptor Interactions using Spectrally Resolved Two-photon Microscopy
Published on: January 20, 2011
A two-photon and second-harmonic microscope
Volodymyr Nikolenko1, Boaz Nemet, Rafael Yuste
1Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. vn59@columbia.edu
Abstract:
Two-photon microscopy has revolutionized life sciences by enabling long-term imaging of living preparations in highly scattering tissue while minimizing photodamage. At the same time, commercial two-photon microscopes are expensive and this has prevented the widespread application of this technique to the biological community. As an alternative to commercial systems, we provide an update of our efforts designing custom-built two-photon instruments by modifying the Olympus FluoView laser scanning confocal microscope. With the newer version of our instrument we modulate the intensity of the laser beam in arbitrary spatiotemporal patterns using a Pockels cell and software control over the scanning. We can also perform simultaneous optical imaging and optical stimulation experiments and combine them with second harmonic generation measurements.
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