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Related Experiment Videos

[Giemsa stain's 100th year].

José Perea-Sasiaín1

  • 1Laboratorio de Microscopía, Sección de Biología Celular, Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. josepesa@bacata.usc.unal.edu.co

Biomedica : Revista Del Instituto Nacional De Salud
|April 17, 2003
PubMed
Summary

This study revives research on Giemsa stain, detailing its methylene blue polychrome composition and historical development. Analysis reveals Azur I is a mixture, not pure, impacting its staining properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Histopathology
  • Dye Chemistry
  • Microscopy

Context:

  • Giemsa stain is a crucial histological stain used in microscopy.
  • Understanding the precise chemical composition of stains is vital for reproducible results.
  • Previous analyses of Giemsa stain components have varied.

Purpose:

  • To revive research on the development of Giemsa stain.
  • To analyze the composition of methylene blue polychromes within Giemsa stain.
  • To investigate the nature of Azur I and its preparation.

Summary:

  • High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of Azur II revealed a specific composition: methylene blue (63.6%), azur B (28.6%), azur A (4.4%), azur C (1.4%), and thionin (1.9%).
  • Azur I was determined to be a mixture of thionin and its N-methylated derivatives, likely prepared via acid oxidation.

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  • The study also presents a biographical sketch of Dr. Berthold Gustav Carl Giemsa and tabulates stain applications from the past 32 years.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a detailed chemical characterization of Giemsa stain components.
    • Offers insights into the historical development and formulation of a widely used diagnostic stain.
    • Contributes to a better understanding of dye chemistry relevant to histopathology and microscopy.