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Published on: September 19, 2019
Child witnesses to domestic violence: a meta-analytic review
Katherine M Kitzmann1, Noni K Gaylord, Aimee R Holt
1Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Tennessee 38152-3230, USA. k.kitzmann@mail.psyc.memphis.edu
Abstract:
This meta-analysis examined 118 studies of the psychosocial outcomes of children exposed to interparental violence. Correlational studies showed a significant association between exposure and child problems (d = -0.29). Group comparison studies showed that witnesses had significantly worse outcomes relative to nonwitnesses (d = -0.40) and children from verbally aggressive homes (d = -0.28). but witnesses' outcomes were not significantly different from those of physically abused children (d = 0.15) or physically abused witnesses (d = 0.13). Several methodological variables moderated these results. Similar effects were found across a range of outcomes, with slight evidence for greater risk among preschoolers. Recommendations for future research are made, taking into account practical and theoretical issues in this area.
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