Anterior screw fixation in type II odontoid fractures: is there a difference in outcome between age groups?

Optimal treatment of elderly patients with Type II odontoid fractures is controversial. Suggestions vary between conservative management and different types of early surgery. Recent data confirm that early surgery may be warranted because conservative treatment has a high rate of failure in the elderly.

We performed a case-control study of 27 patients with Type II odontoid fracture who were treated with anterior odontoid double-screw fixation at our institution. The aim of the study was to determine whether patients aged 70 years or older have a less favorable outcome than younger patients with this operative technique. Cases were defined as patients with Type II odontoid fracture aged 70 years or older. All patients younger than 70 years served as controls.

There were 15 patients aged 70 years or older (Group 1) and 12 patients younger than 70 years of age (Group 2). Mean follow-up was 16.6 months. Mean interval between fracture and surgery was 10 days. All patients were treated with anterior odontoid screw fixation by use of two compression screws. Fusion rates were 73% in Group 1 and 75% in Group 2. Additional dorsal stabilization was performed in 13% of cases in Group 1 and 17% of cases in Group 2. Complications occurred in 20% of cases in Group 1 and 8% of cases in Group 2. The only death occurred in Group 1, leading to 7% mortality in this group. Neurological status at admission and after treatment was similar in both groups. Statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences between groups for the factors studied.

Outcome after anterior odontoid screw fixation is not affected by patient age. Slightly higher rates of medical complications did not reach statistical significance. Because conservative management of odontoid fractures in the elderly has a high rate of failure, anterior stabilization for Type II odontoid fractures can be recommended.