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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Reconstitution of Nucleosomes with Differentially Isotope-labeled Sister Histones
09:26

Reconstitution of Nucleosomes with Differentially Isotope-labeled Sister Histones

Published on: March 26, 2017

Coordinated histone modifications mediated by a CtBP co-repressor complex.

Yujiang Shi1, Jun-ichi Sawada, Guangchao Sui

  • 1Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. yang_shi@hms.harvard.edu

Nature
|April 18, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) complex mediates gene repression through DNA targeting and histone modification. This mechanism is crucial for its role in oncogenesis and animal development.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • The transcriptional co-repressor C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) is involved in tumorigenesis and animal development.
  • CtBP is recruited to DNA via transcription factors with a PXDLS motif, but its precise function remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the molecular mechanism of CtBP-mediated gene repression.
  • To investigate CtBP's role in tumorigenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of a CtBP complex with gene targeting and histone modification capabilities.
  • RNA-mediated interference to inhibit CtBP expression and associated activities.
  • Analysis of histone modifications at the E-cadherin promoter and reporter gene assays.

Main Results:

  • A CtBP complex capable of gene targeting and histone modification was identified.
  • Inhibition of CtBP led to altered histone modifications at the E-cadherin promoter.
  • Suppression of CtBP increased E-cadherin promoter activity.

Conclusions:

  • CtBP mediates transcriptional repression through coordinated gene targeting and histone modifications.
  • These findings elucidate a mechanism for CtBP's involvement in oncogenesis.