Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 26, 2026

Workflow and Framework for Collecting and Implementing Point-of-Care Ultrasound Data in the Management of Heart Failure Patients
Published on: July 12, 2024
CCORT/CCS quality indicators for congestive heart failure care
Douglas S Lee1, Chau Tran, Virginia Flintoft
1University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Insights
Canadian researchers developed 29 quality indicators for congestive heart failure (CHF) care. These indicators measure and improve CHF patient outcomes and treatment processes across Canada.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Quality indicators are crucial for assessing healthcare structure, processes, and outcomes.
- Currently, no specific quality indicators exist for cardiovascular disease care in Canada.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop quality indicators for measuring and improving congestive heart failure (CHF) care within the Canadian healthcare system.
Main Methods:
- A multidisciplinary national expert panel was convened.
- A modified Delphi process was used to identify and refine potential quality indicators from existing literature.
- Indicators were designed for measurement using chart reviews and administrative data linkage.
Main Results:
- A case definition for CHF was established using ICD-9 codes and clinical criteria.
- 29 quality indicators and 5 test indicators were recommended, covering process and outcome measures.
- Process indicators included medication prescriptions, patient education, and physician follow-up; outcome indicators included mortality and readmissions.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive set of Canadian quality indicators for CHF care has been developed.
- These indicators cover organizational aspects, pharmacotherapy, investigations, patient counselling, care continuity, and disease outcomes.
- The developed indicators provide a foundation for future evaluations of CHF care quality in Canada.
Background:
Quality indicators are measurement tools for assessing the structure, processes and outcomes of care. Although quality indicators have been developed in other countries, Canadian cardiovascular disease indicators do not exist.
Objective:
To develop quality indicators for measuring and improving congestive heart failure (CHF) care in Canada.
Methods:
An 11-member multidisciplinary national expert panel was selected from nominees from national medical organizations. Potential quality indicators were identified by a detailed search of published guidelines, randomized trials and outcomes studies. A two-step modified Delphi process was employed with an initial screening round of indicator ratings, followed by a national quality indicator panel meeting, where definitions of the indicators were developed using consensus methods. Indicators were designed to be measurable, using retrospective chart review and linking existing administrative databases.
Results:
The case definition criterion was developed based on a discharge diagnosis of CHF (International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision [ICD-9] code 428.x), with diagnostic confirmation using clinical criteria. In total, 29 indicators and five test indicators were recommended. Process indicators included prescription for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers or warfarin (for atrial fibrillation) at hospital discharge. Nonpharmacological in hospital process indicators included evaluation of left ventricular function, weight measurement and selected patient education counselling instructions. Process indicators in the ambulatory setting included prescription and adherence to drug therapies and physician follow-up. Outcome indicators included mortality, readmissions and emergency visits.
Conclusions:
A set of Canadian quality indicators for CHF care encompassing organizational attributes, pharmacotherapy, investigations, counselling, continuity of care and disease outcomes has been developed. These quality indicators will serve as a foundation for future studies evaluating the quality of CHF care in Canada.
Related Concept Videos
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations
Heart Failure V: Medical Management
Heart Failure I: Introduction
Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management