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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

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Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
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Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

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Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents01:20

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The gastric mucosa produces prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2), crucial in maintaining gastric health. They exert cytoprotective effects, including increasing bicarbonate secretion, releasing protective mucin, reducing gastric acid output, and preventing harmful vasoconstriction. These effects are mediated through various receptors, such as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.
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Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

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Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Related Experiment Videos

[Cyclooxygenase 2 selective antirheumatic analgesics].

Martin Aringer1

  • 1Klinische Abteilung für Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Wien. martin.aringer@akh-wien.ac.at

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|April 23, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Cyclooxygenase-2 selective NSAIDs offer safer articular pain relief for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, they require concomitant aspirin for cardiovascular protection and may necessitate gastroprotective agents.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Gastroenterology

Context:

  • The advent of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has improved the safety and convenience of treating articular pain.
  • Currently, celecoxib and rofecoxib are the primary COX-2 selective agents available for managing osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of COX-2 selective NSAIDs, specifically celecoxib and rofecoxib, in treating articular pain conditions.
  • To assess the gastrointestinal safety profile of these agents, particularly at higher dosages and in conjunction with aspirin or other gastroprotective measures.

Summary:

  • Both celecoxib and rofecoxib demonstrate efficacy in osteoarthritis and RA at recommended dosages.
  • Higher doses of these COX-2 selective NSAIDs appear safe regarding severe gastrointestinal complications when not co-administered with aspirin.
  • These drugs do not inhibit platelet aggregation, necessitating aspirin for cardiovascular prophylaxis, which may require additional gastroprotection.

Impact:

  • COX-2 selective NSAIDs provide effective pain management for articular conditions with an improved gastrointestinal safety profile compared to traditional NSAIDs.
  • The need for concurrent aspirin use for cardiovascular protection highlights the importance of considering comprehensive patient management strategies, including gastroprotection.
  • Meloxicam shows promise for gastrointestinal safety at lower doses, while nimesulide's safety data remains limited.