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Trace element speciation in poultry litter.

B P Jackson¹, P M Bertsch, M L Cabrera

¹Advanced Analytical Center for Environmental Sciences, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Univ. of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 20903, USA. Jackson@srel.edu

Journal of Environmental Quality

|April 24, 2003

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Poultry litter contains high levels of soluble trace elements, including arsenic. Mineralization of arsenic compounds in litter can lead to toxic forms, potentially impacting soil and water quality with land application.

Area of Science:

Environmental Chemistry
Soil Science
Animal Science

Background:

Trace elements are crucial in poultry feed for health and efficiency.
Poultry litter (PL) accumulates high trace element concentrations, posing environmental risks.
Solubility and speciation of these elements in PL leachates influence soil and water contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine elemental concentrations and solubility in poultry litter.
To investigate arsenic speciation and potential mineralization in PL leachates.
To assess the environmental implications of land-applying trace element-rich poultry litter.

Main Methods:

Analyzed 40 poultry litter samples from the southeastern USA for elemental content.
Used water-soluble extractions (WSE) and solid-phase extraction for fractionation.

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Employed ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS) for arsenic speciation.

Main Results:

High concentrations of As, Cu, Ni, and Zn were found in PL.
Arsenic (71%) and Copper (49%) showed high water solubility.
Roxarsone (ROX) was a major arsenic species, but mineralization to inorganic As(V) was evident in 50% of samples.

Conclusions:

Poultry litter is a significant source of soluble trace elements, particularly arsenic.
Mineralization of arsenic compounds in litter can produce more toxic inorganic species.
The extensive land application of poultry litter warrants concern for long-term soil and water quality.