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Lexical ambiguity, semantic context, and visual word recognition.

R W Schvaneveldt, D E Meyer

    Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
    |May 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study found that prior context influences word recognition. When context primes a single meaning of an ambiguous word, recognition is faster, supporting selective-access theory.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Psycholinguistics
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Word recognition models debate how context affects accessing word meanings.
    • Selective-access hypothesis: context biases access to one meaning.
    • Nonselective-access hypothesis: all meanings are accessed.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To test selective-access vs. nonselective-access hypotheses of word recognition.
    • To investigate the role of semantic context in accessing ambiguous word meanings.
    • To determine if context primes a single or multiple meanings.

    Main Methods:

    • Participants decided if letter strings were English words.
    • Stimuli included three-word sequences with ambiguous second words.
    • Context words (first and third) were related to one or both meanings of the ambiguous word.

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    Main Results:

    • Reaction times decreased when context words primed the same meaning of the ambiguous word.
    • Reaction times did not differ from controls when context words primed different meanings.
    • Data support the selective-access hypothesis over nonselective-access.

    Conclusions:

    • Prior semantic context selectively biases access to a single meaning of ambiguous words.
    • This finding supports models of word recognition emphasizing context-driven processing.
    • Selective access plays a crucial role in efficient lexical processing.