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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

Master Transcription Regulators

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

General Transcription Factors

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry

High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry

Published on: September 23, 2014

TACC3 expression is tightly regulated during early differentiation.

C M Sadek¹, M Pelto-Huikko, M Tujague

¹Department of Biosciences, Novum, Karolinska Institute, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden. christine.sadek@biosci.ki.se

Gene Expression Patterns : GEP

|April 25, 2003

Summary

Transforming acidic coiled-coil 3 (TACC3) protein is crucial for cellular differentiation across multiple cell types. Its expression is highest in human tissues with high differentiation rates, supporting its fundamental role in early differentiation.

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Published on: May 6, 2021

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Transforming acidic coiled-coil (TACC) proteins are implicated in cellular growth, differentiation, and microtubule stabilization.
TACC3 is known to be upregulated in erythroid progenitor cells and is essential for hematopoietic stem cell replication.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the expression pattern of TACC3 protein during cellular differentiation.
To analyze TACC3 expression in various normal human tissues.

Main Methods:

Real-time PCR was used to quantify TACC3, TACC1, and TACC2 mRNA levels in human tissues.
Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine TACC3 protein localization in differentiating cells.

Main Results:

TACC3 dramatically upregulates during the differentiation of NIH 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes and PC12 cells into neurons.
Highest TACC3 mRNA expression was observed in testis, spleen, thymus, and peripheral blood leukocytes.
TACC3 protein localizes to differentiating cells such as spermatocytes, oocytes, epithelial cells, bone marrow cells, and lymphocytes.

Conclusions:

TACC3 plays a significant role in mediating cellular differentiation across diverse cell types.
The expression pattern of TACC3 in normal human tissues supports its fundamental role in early differentiation stages.