Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

What do human micronuclei contain?

Hannu Norppa1, Ghita C-M Falck

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, Department of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland. hannu.norppa@ttl.fi

Mutagenesis
|April 26, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Objectives and achievements of the HUMN project on its 26th anniversary.

Mutation research. Reviews in mutation research·2024
Same author

Chromosome-specific induction of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations by mitomycin C: Involvement of human chromosomes 9, 1 and 16.

Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis·2024
Same author

HBM4EU Chromates Study-Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Workers Exposed to Hexavalent Chromium.

Toxics·2022
Same author

Biomarkers of nanomaterials hazard from multi-layer data.

Nature communications·2022
Same author

Effect of Surface Modification on the Pulmonary and Systemic Toxicity of Cellulose Nanofibrils.

Biomacromolecules·2022
Same author

Surface functionalization and size modulate the formation of reactive oxygen species and genotoxic effects of cellulose nanofibrils.

Particle and fibre toxicology·2022

The micronucleus (MN) assay detects genotoxic effects by identifying chromosomal fragments or whole chromosomes. Distinguishing MN types, like centromere-positive versus negative, enhances sensitivity for biomarker studies and risk assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Cytogenetics
  • Genotoxicity testing
  • Biomarker research

Background:

  • Micronuclei (MN) arise from lagging chromosomes or fragments during cell division.
  • The MN assay can detect both clastogenic (fragment-induced) and aneugenic (chromosome-induced) effects.
  • Distinguishing MN types is crucial for accurate genotoxicity assessment, especially in biomarker studies with small effect sizes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of differentiating MN types (centromere-positive vs. negative) for improved genotoxicity detection.
  • To explore the mechanistic origins of MN and their contents.
  • To emphasize the necessity of understanding MN composition for effective biomarker studies and risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of micronuclei (MN) in human lymphocytes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Distinguishing centromere-positive MN (indicating whole chromosome loss) from centromere-negative MN (indicating fragment loss).
  • Investigating age-related changes and specific chromosome involvement in MN formation.

    • Main Results:

    • Centromere-positive MN proportion increases with age, linked to X and Y chromosome behavior.
    • The X chromosome is frequently micronucleated in female lymphocytes.
    • Smoking did not increase centromere-negative MN in lymphocytes, suggesting chromosomal aberrations and fragment-containing MN may differ.

    Conclusions:

    • Identifying MN origin (chromosome vs. fragment) significantly enhances the sensitivity of genotoxicity biomarker studies.
    • Understanding the mechanistic basis of MN is essential for reliable genotoxicity testing and risk assessment.
    • Further research into MN composition can refine cytogenetic endpoints for human health studies.