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Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush
G I McCracken1, J Janssen, M Swan
1Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology
|April 29, 2003
Summary
Optimizing powered toothbrush use is key for effective plaque removal. Studies show that while brushing force and time significantly impact plaque reduction, excessive force beyond 150g offers negligible benefit after 120 seconds.
Area of Science:
- Dental hygiene
- Oral health research
- Biomedical engineering
Background:
- Plaque accumulation is a primary factor in oral diseases.
- Powered toothbrushes (PTB) are widely used for plaque removal.
- Optimal usage parameters for PTB efficacy require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of varying brushing forces and durations on the plaque-removing efficacy of a PTB.
- To identify the optimal combination of brushing force and time for effective plaque removal.
Main Methods:
- A randomized, single-blind, 16-cell, cross-over trial was conducted with 12 volunteers.
- Participants used a modified PTB at four forces (75-300g) and four times (30-180s).
- Plaque levels were assessed using a modified Quigley & Hein index before and after each brushing session.
Main Results:
- Statistically significant differences in plaque index (PI) reductions were observed across different brushing times and forces (p<0.001).
- The interaction between brushing force and time significantly affected plaque removal at full mouth and interproximal sites (p<0.03).
- No significant interaction was found for smooth surface sites or between subjects and brushing parameters (p>0.05).
Conclusions:
- Brushing time and force significantly influence the plaque removal efficacy of powered toothbrushes.
- For optimal plaque removal, a brushing time of 120 seconds is effective, with forces exceeding 150g showing minimal additional benefit.