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Gingival bleeding on probing increases after quitting smoking.

P Nair¹, G Sutherland, R M Palmer

¹Department of Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Dentistry, Kings College, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK.

Journal of Clinical Periodontology

|April 29, 2003

Summary

Smokers who quit smoking experienced increased gingival bleeding, indicating smoking impairs the inflammatory response. This suggests quitting smoking can reverse these effects on gum health.

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Area of Science:

Oral Health
Periodontology
Smoking Cessation

Background:

Smoking is known to mask gingival inflammation, delaying or impairing the body's response to plaque accumulation.
Anecdotal reports suggest that individuals who quit smoking may experience increased gingival bleeding.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the changes in gingival health among individuals participating in a smoking cessation program.
To provide evidence on the reversibility of smoking-induced changes in the inflammatory response.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 27 subjects undergoing a smoking cessation program were monitored.
Gingival health was assessed over a 4-6 week period, focusing on bleeding on probing.

Main Results:

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The percentage of sites exhibiting bleeding on probing significantly increased from 16% to 32%.
This increase in bleeding occurred despite observed improvements in the subjects' oral hygiene practices.

Conclusions:

The findings support the hypothesis that tobacco smoking alters the inflammatory response in the gums.
The observed changes in gingival bleeding are reversible upon cessation of smoking, highlighting the impact of smoking on periodontal health.