Characterization of a distinct carlavirus isolated from Verbena

Avirus was isolated from Verbena plants that bore virus-like symptoms. The virus, for which the name Verbena latent virus (VeLV) is proposed, was consistently isolated from these plants, both with and without disease symptoms. Electron microscopy studies of ultrathin sections of infected Verbena tissues revealed the presence of elongated flexuous virus particles, ca. 650 nm in length. Its experimental host range was limited to Verbena spp. and Nicotiana clevelandii. No inclusion bodies or specific cytopathological effects, were observed. Electrophoresis of dissociated purified virus preparation in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel revealed a major protein component with a molecular mass of 38.9 kDa. Polyclonal antibodies which could specifically bind to virus particles were produced. A portion of the viral RNA was cloned and sequenced; it comprised 2503 nucleotides and contained part of three open reading frames (ORFs) which from the 5' to the 3'-ends, potentially encode for 489 amino acids (ORF1), a 25.8-kDa protein (ORF2) and a 12-kDa protein (ORF3). Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence with those of other plant viruses revealed 40-60% identity with several carlaviruses. In the light of particle morphology, absence of specific cytopathological effects in ultrathin sections, and genomic and serological properties, it is suggested that this virus belongs to the genus Carlavirus.