Crown gall -- a plant tumour with biological activities

Petroleum ether, acetone, 80% MeOH and water extracts of crown gall, a plant tumour, obtained from Eucalyptus globulus tree were screened for cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, embryotoxic, antitumour-promoting and antimicrobial activities. In terms of bioactivity the 80% MeOH extract was most effective followed by the acetone extract. The petroleum ether extract showed weak to moderate cytotoxic activity in dose-dependent manner against PC12 cells, mouse L fibroblasts and 1321N1 glia cells, whereas the hydroalcohol extract had no or a weak cytotoxic effect. The 80% MeOH extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Based on the in vitro HET-CAM assay all the extracts were effective against inflammation. The extracts did not show any embryotoxic effect at the concentrations tested. Antitumour-promoting activity (100% inhibition; 100 microg/mL) was observed in the 80% MeOH and acetone extracts. In the antimicrobial screening all extracts displayed predominantly antifungal activity against Candida sp. The extracts also showed various levels of antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, Ps. aeruginosa, Bac. subtilis and Staph. epidermidis. From the results of the investigations it can be concluded that crown gall is a valuable plant tumour tissue having interesting biological activities.