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Related Experiment Videos

Premenstrual syndrome.

Lori M Dickerson1, Pamela J Mazyck, Melissa H Hunter

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29406, USA. macfarll@musc.edu

American Family Physician
|May 3, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) involve cyclical mood and physical symptoms. Effective management includes lifestyle changes, supplements like calcium, and medications such as SSRIs for severe cases.

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are common cyclic disorders in women.
  • Symptoms manifest during the luteal phase, involving emotional and physical distress.
  • The exact causes are unknown but may involve neurohormonal and neurotransmitter dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics, diagnosis, and management of PMS and PMDD.
  • To highlight the importance of excluding other conditions before diagnosis.
  • To outline evidence-based treatment strategies for varying symptom severity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on PMS and PMDD etiology and treatment.
  • Diagnostic criteria emphasizing symptom patterns and exclusion of other disorders.

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  • Categorization of treatments based on symptom severity: lifestyle, supplements, and pharmacotherapy.

    • Main Results:

    • PMS/PMDD symptoms are diverse, including mood changes, pain, and fatigue.
    • Lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, stress reduction) are recommended for mild cases.
    • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) show the most efficacy for moderate to severe symptoms, with limited evidence for other agents.

    Conclusions:

    • PMS and PMDD require careful diagnosis by exclusion.
    • A multimodal approach combining lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy is often necessary.
    • SSRIs are the primary pharmacologic treatment for significant symptoms, while other treatments have limited support or side effects.