Immune restoration disorders following HAART

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) leads to a profound and sustained suppression of viral replication, along with a rise in CD4+ cells in most HIV-infected patients. However, reports are accumulating of growing numbers of patients suffering from opportunistic infections despite recovery of CD4+ cells and plummeting viral loads as part of a new syndrome called immune restoration disease. We describe this syndrome in two patients and review the current literature.