[Harmful agents in municipal wastewater treatment plants]

Chemical and biological hazards and health effects of exposure to some selected agents on the workers of municipal wastewater treatment plants are reported. This issue has not as yet been thoroughly analyzed in Poland. The workers of wastewater treatment plants are exposed to: heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), volatile organic matter, hydrogen sulfide, organic agents, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, organic-produced endotoxins and glucans. The most frequent disorders reported by the wastewater--treatment workers comprise respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, ocular and dermal irritations, headache and discomfort. The assessment of hygienic conditions at individual workplaces is difficult because of lack of hygiene standards for airborne microorganisms and endotoxins. Up to now, the exposure of workers employed in municipal wastewater treatment plants has not been assessed in Poland. The number of the affected workers is estimated at 11,000-19,000 people.