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Unilateral schizencephaly and contralateral polymicrogyria associated with umbilical cord mass

Jin S Hahn1, Ann J Lewis

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, California 94305-5235, USA. jhahn@stanford.edu

Insights

A rare brain malformation in an infant, characterized by unilateral separated-lip schizencephaly and contralateral polymicrogyria, was identified. This condition, likely caused by umbilical cord issues, highlights the impact of early brain development disruptions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Congenital brain malformations present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in pediatric neurology.
  • Schizencephaly and polymicrogyria are rare cortical developmental disorders with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Understanding the etiology of these malformations is crucial for predicting outcomes and guiding interventions.

Observation:

  • A 6-month-old male infant presented with diffuse hypertonia and global developmental delay.
  • Neuroimaging revealed unilateral separated-lip schizencephaly and contralateral polymicrogyria.
  • The polymicrogyria was accompanied by an incomplete clefting in the affected hemisphere.

Findings:

  • The observed bilateral brain lesions, schizencephaly and polymicrogyria, suggest a common underlying cause affecting early brain development.
  • An umbilical cord hamartoma was identified and presumed to be the causative factor.
  • Hypoperfusion to the developing brain secondary to the umbilical cord anomaly is the proposed mechanism for the observed malformations.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential impact of umbilical cord pathology on fetal brain development, leading to complex malformations.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of the spectrum of central nervous system anomalies associated with vascular insults during gestation.
  • Further research into the relationship between placental and umbilical cord abnormalities and neurodevelopmental outcomes is warranted.

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