Pediatric otolaryngologic manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Otolaryngology
• Gastroenterology
• Pediatric Reflux Disease

Background:

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a known cause of chronic laryngeal disease in adults.
• Extraesophageal manifestations of GERD are frequently reported in children, commonly associated with asthma and chronic cough.
• Numerous otolaryngologic conditions, including hoarseness, laryngitis, and sinusitis, are suspected to be linked to GERD in children.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the existing evidence on the role of GERD in pediatric otolaryngologic diseases.
• To highlight the diagnostic challenges and sparse evidence supporting GERD as a cause of ENT symptoms in children.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating GERD and its association with otolaryngologic manifestations in children.
• Analysis of reported signs and symptoms attributed to GERD in pediatric ENT patients.

Main Results:

• While GERD is associated with adult laryngeal disease, specific estimates for children are lacking.
• Common extraesophageal manifestations in children include asthma and chronic cough.
• Evidence linking GERD to specific pediatric otolaryngologic conditions like laryngitis, croup, and dysphagia is limited.
• Otolaryngologic symptoms can occur without classic GERD symptoms like heartburn.

Conclusions:

• The association between GERD and pediatric otolaryngologic disease requires further investigation due to sparse supporting evidence.
• Recognizing GERD as a potential cause of ENT symptoms in children is important, even in the absence of typical reflux symptoms.
• More research is needed to establish definitive links and diagnostic criteria for GERD-related otolaryngologic conditions in pediatric populations.