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Melanin and fungi.

Beatriz L Gómez1, Joshua D Nosanchuk

  • 1Dermatology Department, St. Johns Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, Guy's, Kings, and St Thomas Medical School, London, UK. beatriz.gomez@kcl.ac.uk

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|May 8, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Fungal melanin acts as "fungal armor," protecting against toxic insults and enhancing survival in the environment and during infections. This review highlights melanin

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Medical Mycology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Melanin production is linked to fungal virulence in various infections.
  • Pigmented fungi are emerging as significant human pathogens, often resistant to standard antifungals.
  • Melanin's role in fungal survival and pathogenesis is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on fungal melanin.
  • To examine melanin's role in fungal virulence.
  • To investigate melanin's protective effects against antifungal drugs and environmental stressors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications on fungal melanin.
  • Analysis of studies investigating melanin's impact on fungal survival and drug resistance.
  • Examination of melanin's interaction with the host immune system.

Main Results:

  • Inhibiting melanin production in Cryptococcus neoformans improves survival in infected mice.
  • Fungal melanin can bind antifungal drugs like amphotericin B and caspofungin, reducing their efficacy.
  • Melanin protects fungi against enzymatic degradation and heavy metal toxicity, aiding environmental survival.

Conclusions:

  • Melanin serves as a protective 'fungal armor,' shielding fungi from diverse toxic challenges.
  • Recent research underscores melanin's critical role in fungal environmental persistence and pathogenicity.

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