Distinguishing benign from malignant prostate disease

As the incidence and prevalence of prostate cancer increase, there is an increasing need for accurate differentiation of benign from malignant disease. For men with an abnormal screening test such as prostate specific antigen or digital rectal examination, questions arise as to the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the tests. If a test is abnormal, which confirmatory test is most valuable? This article will explore these issues.