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Selection of thrombogenetic antiphospholipid antibodies in cerebrovascular disease patients
Valeria Caso1, Lucilla Parnetti, Paolo Panarelli
1Department of Neuroscience, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy. vcaso@hotmail.com
Insights
Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) associated with beta(2) glycoprotein 1 show a significant link to ischemic stroke risk. These tests help identify autoimmune antibodies contributing to thrombosis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Neurology
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- The link between anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and thrombosis is established, but their independent role in stroke risk requires further investigation.
- Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a significant cause of ischemic stroke, characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), including anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and beta(2) glycoprotein 1 (beta(2)GP1) antibodies, and first-ever acute ischemic cerebrovascular events.
- To evaluate the diagnostic utility of specific antibody tests, namely aCL/beta(2)GP1 and aPLmix/beta(2)GP1, in identifying autoimmune and thrombogenetic antibodies.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 122 patients with first-ever acute ischemic cerebrovascular events and a control group.
- Measurement of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), anti-beta(2) glycoprotein 1 (a beta(2)GP1) antibodies, aCL/beta(2)GP1 antibodies, and aPLmix/beta(2)GP1 antibodies.
- Target antigens included cardiolipin alone or a mixture of phospholipids coated with human beta(2)GP1 to specifically detect autoimmune antibodies.
Main Results:
- No significant difference in the prevalence of aCL (20.5% vs. 14.7%, p=0.1) or a beta(2)GP1 antibodies (6.5% vs. 4.9%, p=0.7) between patients and controls.
- Significant associations were found for aCL/beta(2)GP1 antibodies (13.9% vs. 4.9%, p=0.02) and aPLmix/beta(2)GP1 antibodies (15.6% vs. 4.9%, p=0.01) in patients compared to controls.
- The aCL/beta(2)GP1 and aPLmix/beta(2)GP1 assays demonstrated potential in identifying autoimmune and thrombogenetic antibodies.
Conclusions:
- While traditional aCL and a beta(2)GP1 antibody tests did not show a significant association with ischemic stroke, combined assays (aCL/beta(2)GP1 and aPLmix/beta(2)GP1) were significantly more prevalent in patients.
- These combined antibody tests appear valuable for assessing autoimmune antibodies that contribute to thrombogenesis and stroke risk.
- Further research is warranted to confirm the role of these specific antibody profiles in the pathogenesis of ischemic cerebrovascular events.
Background And Purpose:
The association between anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and thrombosis is well recognized, but its role as an independent risk factor for stroke is not. The study's aim was to investigate the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and ischemic vascular events by using both traditional means the estimation of aCL and glycoprotein (beta(2)GP1) antibodies. Additionally both aCL/beta(2)GP1 and aPLmix/beta(2)GP1 antibodies were measured. The measurement of these two antibodies was determined by using as target antigens, either cardiolipin alone or a mixture of different phospholipids coated with human beta(2)GP1 in order to select only the autoimmune antibodies. One hundred and twenty-two consecutive patients with first-ever acute ischemic cerebrovascular event were included and compared with controls. The presence of aCl in patients (20.5 %) and controls (14.7 %) was not significantly different (p = 0.1). The presence of abeta(2)GP1 (6.5 % versus 4.9 %, p = 0.7) was also not significant, while there were associations for aCL/b2GP1 13.9 % versus 4.9 % (p = 0.02) and aPLmix/beta(2)GP1 15.6 % versus 4.9 % (p = 0.01). These latter tests seem to be useful in assessing the autoimmune and therefore the thrombogenetic antibodies.