Skp2 overexpression is a prognostic factor in patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma

The purpose of this study was to examine Skp2 expression in epithelial ovarian tumors and to identify the association of Skp2 expression levels with patient survival.

Skp2 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 134 epithelial ovarian tumors [20 adenomas, 23 low malignant potential (LMP) tumors, and 91 adenocarcinomas]. Results of immunostaining were correlated with clinicopathological variables and overall survival. Skp2 mRNA expression was examined by semiquantitative PCR in 32 ovarian adenocarcinomas and in 3 ovarian cancer cell lines.

Skp2 expression was detected in neither ovarian adenomas nor LMP tumors. In contrast, Skp2 expression was detected in 47.3% (43 of 91) of adenocarcinomas. Positive Skp2 expression was detected significantly more often in adenocarcinomas than in LMP tumors (P < 0.0001) or in adenomas (P < 0.0001). A significantly higher detection rate of Skp2 expression was observed in advanced-stage diseases compared with early-stage diseases (P = 0.010). Log-rank testing showed that Skp2 overexpression was significantly correlated with poor patient survival (P = 0.0035). Older age (P = 0.0026), advanced clinical stage (P < 0.0001), and high histological grades of the tumors (P = 0.0018) were also significantly associated with poor prognoses. In multivariate analysis, Skp2 overexpression (P = 0.0069) and clinical stage (P < 0.0001) remained significantly associated with overall survival, whereas age and histological grade lost their significance. Considerable levels of Skp2 mRNA expression were detected in all ovarian adenocarcinomas examined by semiquantitative PCR.

Skp2 expression might play an important role in the development and progression of ovarian adenocarcinomas, and Skp2 overexpression is an independent prognostic marker of ovarian adenocarcinoma patients.