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Updated: Sep 26, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
Published on: October 13, 2016
Differential diagnosis of dementia: clinical examination and laboratory assessment
1Memory Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease Clinic, Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, and UCLA Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Abstract:
Recent breakthroughs in putative disease-modifying interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD) underscore the urgency of making the earliest possible diagnosis. In the absence of a convenient and reliable laboratory test for AD, the clinical assessment is still the cornerstone of the diagnostic approach. This article provides a basis for conducting an assessment within the realities of a busy clinical practice for patients complaining of cognitive decline. The assessment will enable the clinician to diagnose the earliest manifestation of AD.
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