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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Resting Potential Decay01:15

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The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the membrane is slightly permeable to ions like sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) and highly permeable to potassium ions (K+). Differences in the ions' concentration inside the cell compared to the outside are maintained by membrane transport proteins like channels and pumps.
At rest, the K+ is the main ion that moves across the membrane...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
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Long-term potentiation in the Eocene.

G Lynch1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92616, USA. glynch@uci.edu

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|May 13, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early long-term potentiation (LTP) research focused on basic neuroscience using hippocampal slices. Despite initial slow adoption, this work established key questions and paradigms for future studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular and Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Review of the initial decade of long-term potentiation (LTP) research.
  • Focus on the foundational period following LTP's discovery.

Observation:

  • The discovery of LTP did not immediately spur extensive research.
  • The hippocampal slice technique guided LTP research toward fundamental neuroscience questions.
  • Early work began addressing the triggers and persistence mechanisms of LTP.

Findings:

  • Established standard research questions and experimental paradigms for LTP.
  • Identified key events initiating LTP formation and its persistence.
  • Revealed early controversies regarding LTP expression mechanisms (e.g., release vs. receptors).

Implications:

  • Directed LTP research towards basic neuroscience, potentially overshadowing functional significance.
  • Laid the groundwork for understanding synaptic plasticity.
  • Highlighted a delayed integration of LTP with memory research in the early literature.