Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 23, 2026

Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD
Published on: October 10, 2012
Long-term psychiatric morbidity in the aftermath of CS spray trauma
Rajan Nathan1, Harry Wood, Keith Rix
1Scott Clinic, Rainhill Road, St Helens, Merseyside WA9 5BD.
Abstract:
The physical effects of CS spray are well documented. However, less is known about the impact of its use by the police on the psychological health of those exposed. In this study we explored the psychiatric morbidity of a group of 30 individuals who experienced the same trauma, a significant part of which was exposure to CS spray. Just over a quarter suffered post-traumatic stress disorder. It is proposed that more attention needs to be paid to the psychological effects of the use of CS spray by the police. Consistent with other studies, a past psychiatric history and a more external locus of control was associated with post-traumatic morbidity. The latter finding may have implications for psychological interventions after exposure to trauma.
Related Concept Videos
Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
Traumatic Memory
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events, are a...
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

