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Related Experiment Videos

Shrinkage stresses in bone cement.

J F Orr1, N J Dunne, J C Quinn

  • 1School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, UK. jf.orr@qub.ac.uk

Biomaterials
|May 14, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Thermal shrinkage in bone cement, due to its exothermic reaction, causes residual stresses. These stresses are sufficient to initiate cracks at the interface of hip replacement stems and cement before functional loading.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Bone cement shrinkage is primarily attributed to polymerization.
  • Exothermic reactions during curing also induce thermal shrinkage, occurring late in the process.
  • This late-stage shrinkage can generate significant residual stresses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of thermal shrinkage in bone cement.
  • To quantify the residual stresses resulting from thermal shrinkage.
  • To determine if these stresses can initiate cracks in cemented hip implants.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theoretical model using thick-walled cylinder theory to calculate interference stresses.
  • Calculated thermal shrinkage using the coefficient of linear thermal expansion.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measured total shrinkage, moduli of elasticity (2.1–2.7 GPa), and Poisson's ratio (0.38–0.46) for acrylic bone cements.

    • Main Results:

    • Theoretical calculations predicted circumferential stresses of 8.4–25.2 MPa for curing temperatures between 60–140°C based on thermal shrinkage alone.
    • Measured mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio) were within typical ranges for acrylic bone cements.
    • Experimental and literature observations suggest these residual stresses are substantial.

    Conclusions:

    • Cracks observed around hip prosthesis stems in laboratory specimens are attributed to bone cement shrinkage.
    • Residual stresses generated by thermal shrinkage are sufficient to initiate cracks prior to functional loading.
    • Understanding these stresses is crucial for improving the longevity of cemented hip arthroplasty.