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Decrease in the total antioxidant activity of saliva in patients with periodontal diseases.

Randa Diab-Ladki1, Bernard Pellat, Ramez Chahine

  • 1Department of Basic Science, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, BP 55564 Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.

Clinical Oral Investigations
|May 14, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Periodontal disease patients show reduced saliva antioxidant activity, making them more vulnerable to free radical damage. Healthy individuals have stronger saliva defenses against these harmful molecules.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Health
  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Periodontal disease is linked to oxidative stress and tissue damage.
  • Saliva possesses antioxidant properties that may protect against oral diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the antioxidant capacity of saliva in healthy individuals and periodontal disease patients.
  • To investigate the role of saliva's free radical scavenging activity in periodontal disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Saliva samples were collected from 20 healthy individuals and 17 periodontal disease patients.
  • Free radical scavenging capacity was measured using in vitro methods (electrolysis, xanthine-xanthine oxidase, polymorphonuclear leukocytes).
  • Total protein content and total antioxidant activity of saliva were quantified.

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Main Results:

  • Saliva from healthy individuals demonstrated significantly higher (40-50%) free radical scavenging capacity compared to patients.
  • Total antioxidant activity in the saliva of periodontal disease patients was significantly decreased.
  • Levels of key salivary antioxidants (uric acid, ascorbic acid, albumin) were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Periodontal disease is associated with an imbalance favoring oxidants over antioxidants.
  • This imbalance stems from increased free radical production and diminished total salivary antioxidant activity.
  • Saliva's antioxidant defense mechanism appears compromised in individuals with periodontal disease.