[History of neurosurgical treatment of spasticity]

The history of neurosurgery for spasticity is strongly linked to the beginning of neurosurgery. With the discovery of the stretch reflex by Sherrington and the quality of the clinical studies at that time, especially the description of the different kinds of hypertonia by Babinski, the new surgeons of the nervous system started early with interruption procedures on dorsal roots (Foerster) or peripheral nerves (Lorenz, Stoffel). In France, this field of functional neurosurgery grew rapidly. Gros in Montpellier improved the technique of dorsal rhizotomy, while Sindou in Lyons, created the technique of drezotomy after studies on pain mechanisms. The history was then followed in Chicago by Penn and Kroin who developed the technique of intrathecal baclofen which indications are still increasing today. Improvement of knowledge on neurophysiology and control of movement lead to an optimisation of the surgical procedures where French speaking neurosurgery plays an important role.