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Apparent diffusion coefficient determination in normal fetal brain: a prenatal MR imaging study.

Andrea Righini1, Elena Bianchini, Cecilia Parazzini

  • 1Department of Neuroradiology, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|May 16, 2003
PubMed
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This study established normal fetal brain apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values using in utero MRI. These findings provide a baseline for detecting abnormal brain development in fetuses.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Fetal Development
  • Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

  • Previous studies focused on premature infants, not intrauterine life.
  • Prematurity differs significantly from the intrauterine environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Establish normal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the fetal brain.
  • Identify abnormal ADC changes in pathological conditions.
  • Gain insights into normal fetal brain development.

Main Methods:

  • In utero diffusion-weighted MRI was performed on 15 fetuses (22-35 weeks gestation).
  • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured in frontal white matter, occipital white matter, and basal ganglia.
  • Echo-planar imaging with a diffusion-sensitized sequence (b=0 and 600 s/mm²) was utilized.

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Main Results:

  • Mean ADC values: frontal white matter (1.96 ± 0.1 μm²/ms), occipital white matter (1.95 ± 0.1 μm²/ms), basal ganglia (1.56 ± 0.1 μm²/ms).
  • Significant negative correlation between ADC and gestational age in basal ganglia.
  • A trend for negative correlation between ADC and gestational age was observed in frontal white matter.

Conclusions:

  • In utero fetal brain ADC values are moderately higher than postnatal values in premature infants.
  • The obtained ADC values are consistent with existing postnatal literature.
  • This study provides normative data for fetal brain development assessment.