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Related Experiment Videos

Wall shear stress and strain modulate experimental aneurysm cellularity.

Katsuyuki Hoshina1, Eiketsu Sho, Mien Sho

  • 1Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif, USA.

Journal of Vascular Surgery
|May 21, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Altered blood flow impacts abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth. High wall shear stress (WSS) promotes cellular proliferation, potentially stabilizing AAA, while low WSS accelerates aneurysm expansion.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Hemodynamic conditions are recognized as key factors influencing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development and progression.
  • Understanding the specific roles of wall shear stress (WSS) and relative wall strain (RWS) is crucial for managing AAA disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of modified blood flow, specifically altering WSS and RWS, on the structural and cellular characteristics of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs).
  • To evaluate how changes in hemodynamics affect aneurysm size, cellularity, proliferation, growth factor production, and apoptosis.

Main Methods:

  • Rodent AAAs were induced using porcine pancreatic elastase.
  • Group 1 AAAs experienced increased WSS via arteriovenous fistula creation; Group 2 AAAs had decreased WSS through iliac artery ligation.

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  • Measurements included aortic flow, wall motion, blood pressure, AAA diameter, and cellular analysis (CD31, alpha-smooth muscle actin, 5-bromodeoxyuridine, VEGF-D, PDGF-beta, TUNEL staining).

    • Main Results:

    • High-flow AAAs (increased WSS) showed a 300% WSS and 150% RWS increase, while low-flow AAAs (decreased WSS) had a 60% WSS reduction.
    • Low-flow AAAs were significantly larger than high-flow AAAs seven days post-induction.
    • High-flow AAAs exhibited greater endothelial and smooth muscle cell counts, increased proliferation, growth factor production, and reduced apoptosis compared to low-flow AAAs.

    Conclusions:

    • Elevated WSS in experimental AAAs stimulates endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation.
    • Increased cellularity in high-flow conditions may contribute to aortic wall stabilization and limit aneurysm expansion.
    • Promoting lower extremity activity could potentially mitigate AAA progression through beneficial hemodynamic effects on aortic remodeling.