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Related Experiment Videos

Apoptotic detection methods--from morphology to gene.

Yoshinori Otsuki1, Zhonglian Li, Masa-Aki Shibata

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Biology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan. an1001@art.osaka-med.ac.jp

Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry
|May 22, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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This review clarifies cell death terminology, focusing on apoptosis. It details historical context, detection methods like TEM and TUNEL, and discusses apoptosis-related proteins and gene therapy for cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell death research faces terminology confusion, with terms like apoptosis and programmed cell death (PCD) often used interchangeably.
  • Historical cell death studies relied on morphology (e.g., chromatin condensation, budding) observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  • Advancements in biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics have introduced diverse tools for apoptosis detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and classification of cell death.
  • To explore apoptosis-related proteins and signaling pathways.
  • To discuss various methods for detecting apoptosis, including their advantages and disadvantages.

Main Methods:

  • Morphological analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Biochemical assays including DNA fragmentation analysis (e.g., agarose gel electrophoresis).
  • Molecular biological techniques such as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay, fluorescence staining, and flow cytometry.
  • Real-time Southwestern method for transcriptional regulation of bcl-2.
  • Cancer gene therapy approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Apoptosis detection has evolved from morphological criteria to sophisticated molecular and biochemical techniques.
    • A range of methods, including TUNEL, DNA gel electrophoresis, and flow cytometry, offer different insights into apoptosis.
    • The review critically evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of each detection methodology.

    Conclusions:

    • Standardized terminology is crucial for clear communication in cell death research.
    • Modern techniques provide robust tools for accurate apoptosis detection and analysis.
    • Understanding apoptosis mechanisms is vital for advancements in areas like cancer gene therapy.