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Estrogens: protective or risk factors in brain function?

Phyllis M Wise1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8536, USA. pmwise@ucdavis.edu

Progress in Neurobiology
|May 22, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Women are living longer, post-menopause, in a low estrogen state. This necessitates re-evaluating the role of estrogens and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) due to potential health risks.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Gerontology
  • Women's health

Background:

  • Average female lifespan increased significantly over the last century.
  • Menopause onset remains stable around age 51.
  • Increased lifespan leads to a longer post-menopausal period with reduced estrogen levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the implications of a prolonged hypoestrogenic state in aging women.
  • To re-evaluate the protective or detrimental effects of estrogens.
  • To consider the risks associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing data on lifespan, menopause, and estrogen levels.
  • Examination of the pleiotropic effects of ovarian steroid hormones.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of recent findings on HRT risks.

    • Main Results:

    • Women now spend a larger proportion of their lives in a hypoestrogenic state.
    • Estrogens have diverse and context-dependent physiological actions.
    • Recent studies suggest potential health risks associated with HRT.

    Conclusions:

    • The fixed age of menopause combined with increased lifespan creates a new demographic reality for women's health.
    • A critical re-evaluation of estrogen's role is needed, moving beyond a solely protective view.
    • The risks and benefits of HRT require careful consideration in light of evolving scientific evidence.