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Related Concept Videos

What is the Endocrine System?00:46

What is the Endocrine System?

419.7K
The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.
419.7K
Hormones Secreted by the Stomach01:25

Hormones Secreted by the Stomach

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Enteroendocrine cells, accounting for only 1% of stomach epithelial cells, play a significant role in digestion and are classified by their digestive hormone secretions.
Each of these hormones secreted by different enteroendocrine cells plays a unique role in digestion. Here are a few examples:
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Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

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The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
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Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.
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Related Experiment Videos

[Primary gastric endocrine tumors].

Shang-mei Liu1, Xiu-yun Liu, Shuang-mei Zou

  • 1Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.

Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Pathology
|May 23, 2003
PubMed
Summary

This study reviewed 20 gastric neuroendocrine tumors, finding varied subtypes including carcinoids and mixed carcinomas. Some cases presented unique features challenging current classification systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (GNETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms.
  • Accurate classification is crucial for determining prognosis and treatment strategies.
  • Existing World Health Organization (WHO) classifications may not encompass all GNET subtypes.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric neuroendocrine tumors.
  • To evaluate the expression of various immunohistochemical markers in GNETs.
  • To assess the applicability of current WHO classification to observed GNET cases.

Summary:

  • A review of 20 gastric neuroendocrine tumor cases revealed diverse histological subtypes: 1 carcinoid, 3 malignant carcinoids, 6 small cell carcinomas, and 10 mixed exocrine-endocrine carcinomas.
  • Immunohistochemical analysis showed varying positivity for markers such as S-100 (80%), NSE (85%), CgA (50%), SY (50%), gastrin (30%), serotonin (65%), AE1/AE3 (50%), and CEA (80%).
  • Some cases exhibited features distinct from established WHO categories, suggesting potential limitations in current GNET classification.

Impact:

  • Highlights the heterogeneity of gastric neuroendocrine tumors.
  • Suggests a need for refinement of the WHO classification system for GNETs.
  • Underscores differences in classification, treatment, and prognosis between gastric and intestinal neuroendocrine tumors.