Amino acid pools in the feto-maternal system

The determinations of the amino acid pools, including tryptophan (by fluorescence spectrometry), in the arterial and venous blood of the mother, the arterial and venous blood of the fetus (cord blood), the amniotic fluid and the placenta was done in eight women at the moment of delivery. Only nine amino acids (asp, try, met, phe, ser, cys, lys, gly, thr) were significantly retained and four (arg, glu, pro and glu-NH2) were significantly released by the fetal tissues. In contrast with this behavior most amino acids were retained by the maternal tissue, try, phe and hist showing the highest retention. When the amino acids are grouped as essential and nonessentials, the maternal tissues retained both categories without apparent discrimination, while the fetal tissues retained essential amino acids preferentially. Our results emphasize the importance of the placenta as the regulating system of the fetal milieu under normal conditions. Thus human fetal blood levels of amino acids are patterned after the placental ones and not after the maternal values obtained at the same time. It is apparent that the placenta seems to function as a nonspecific retention filter for outgoing amino acids, but that its function is selective in respect to the release of amino acids into the fetal circulation.