Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2026

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
10:34

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published on: August 30, 2020

Major risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the young are modifiable

Joseph P Broderick1, Catherine M Viscoli, Thomas Brott

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA. joseph.Broderick@uc.edu

Stroke
|May 24, 2003
PubMed

Insights

Cigarette smoking, cocaine use, hypertension, and family history are key risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in younger adults. Many of these risk factors for aneurysmal SAH are modifiable, suggesting potential for prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a serious neurological condition.
  • Identifying risk factors for SAH in younger populations is crucial for prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate risk factors associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in individuals aged 18 to 49.
  • To inform prevention efforts for aneurysmal SAH in a younger demographic.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study, the Hemorrhagic Stroke Project (HSP), was conducted.
  • Patients with SAH were recruited from 44 US hospitals, with controls matched for age, sex, race, and telephone exchange.

Main Results:

  • Current cigarette smoking was a significant risk factor (adjusted OR, 3.73).
  • Cocaine use, hypertension, low BMI, family history of hemorrhagic stroke, and pharmaceutical caffeine/nicotine were also identified as risk factors.
  • Lower educational achievement was associated with increased SAH risk.

Conclusions:

  • Aneurysmal SAH in young and middle-aged individuals may be preventable.
  • Modifiable risk factors like smoking, cocaine use, and hypertension offer targets for intervention.
  • Further research is needed on the role of pharmaceutical caffeine and nicotine in SAH.
Abstract

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