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Related Concept Videos

Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Related Experiment Video

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Managing thyroid dysfunction in the elderly. Answers to seven common questions.

Rajesh Mohandas1, Krishan Lal Gupta

  • 1Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.

Postgraduate Medicine
|May 27, 2003
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Summary

Diagnosing thyroid dysfunction in older adults is challenging due to subtle symptoms. While routine screening isn't advised, cautious thyroid function testing and individualized treatment are crucial for high-risk elderly patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is common in the elderly, but diagnosis is often delayed.
  • Subtle and atypical symptoms are frequently mistaken for normal aging.
  • Subclinical thyroid abnormalities are more prevalent than overt disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight diagnostic challenges of thyroid dysfunction in the elderly.
  • To discuss the implications of subclinical thyroid disease.
  • To provide guidance on thyroid function testing and treatment in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on thyroid dysfunction in the elderly.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and screening recommendations.
  • Evaluation of treatment strategies for subclinical thyroid disease.

Main Results:

  • Symptoms of thyroid dysfunction in the elderly are often subtle and atypical, leading to diagnostic delays.
  • Subclinical thyroid disease is prevalent but its clinical impact and treatment benefits remain unclear.
  • Elderly patients are susceptible to medication side effects, necessitating cautious drug use and dose titration.

Conclusions:

  • Physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for thyroid dysfunction in the elderly.
  • Routine screening of asymptomatic elderly individuals is not recommended.
  • Treatment for subclinical thyroid disease should be individualized, focusing on high-risk patients, with careful consideration of medication risks.